Abrogation in the Quran, known as Naskh, refers to the concept that certain verses or parts of verses have been superseded or replaced by later verses. Some scholars believe that only a small number of verses have been abrogated, while others suggest a much larger number.
However, there is evidence only one verse in the Quran that was abrogated by Allah –
S16:101 And when We substitute a verse in place of a verse and Allah is most knowing of what He sends down they say, “You, [O Muhammad], are but an inventor.” But most of them do not know.
The verse that is being abrogated then substituted is concerning a situation during fasting month of Ramadhan –
S2:187 Permitted to you, on the night of the fasts, is the approach to your wives. They are your garments and ye are their garments. Allah knows what ye used to do secretly among yourselves; but He turned to you and forgave you; so now associate with them, and seek what Allah Hath ordained for you, and eat and drink, until the white thread of dawn appear to you distinct from its black thread; then complete your fast till the night appears; but do not associate with your wives while ye are in retreat in the mosques. Those are Limits set by Allah: Approach not nigh thereto. Thus doth Allah make clear His Signs to men: that they may learn self-restraint.
S2:106 We do not abrogate a verse or cause it to be forgotten except that We bring forth one better than it or similar to it. Do you not know that Allah is over all things competent?
By taking the above verse as guideline the prior abrogated verse which forbid having relationship during fasting is no more mentioned in the Qur’an and new verse at S2:187 is classified as a better one which is more considerate in allowing husband and wife to have relation during the night-time during fasting month.
Thus, to do a decisively indicative test on any claimed of verses being abrogated, the new verse must be at least similar or better than the abrogated verse which should no more be found in any part of the Qur’an after the abrogation. If the abrogated verse is still found in the Qur’an it means it is not forgotten and so not abrogated.
So far, only one verse at S2:187 is abrogated by Allah as defined by S2:106 as indicative test.
S13:39 Allah eliminates what He wills or confirms, and with Him is the Mother of the Book.
S15:9 We have, without doubt, sent down the Message; and We will assuredly guard it.
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