Fasting and obligatory prayers is prescribed upon all believers whether men or women and there is no mentioned in the Qur’an that women are excuse during menstruation.
S2:183-184 – O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous. Fasting for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed number (Should be made up) from days later…..
The evidence Mary fasted after delivering her son Jesus even with the situation of discharging blood in women after giving birth –
S19:23 And the pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm-tree: She cried (in her anguish): “Ah! would that I had died before this! would that I had been a thing forgotten and out of sight!”
S19:26 “So eat and drink and cool (thine) eye. And if thou dost see any man, say, ‘I HAVE VOWED A FAST TO (ALLAH) Most GRACIOUS, and this day will I enter into not talk with any human being'”
There is also the evidence of penalty of continuously fasting two months running if a believer whether male or female who accidentally kill a believer by mistake. This shows a female is still to fast during her menstruation if she is guilty –
S4:92 Never should a believer kill a believer; but (If it so happens) by mistake, (Compensation is due): If one (so) kills a believer, it is ordained that he should free a believing slave, and pay compensation to the deceased’s family, unless they remit it freely. If the deceased belonged to a people at war with you, and he was a believer, the freeing of a believing slave (Is enough). If he belonged to a people with whom ye have treaty of Mutual alliance, compensation should be paid to his family, and a believing slave be freed. For those who find this beyond their means, A FAST FOR TWO MONTHS RUNNING: by way of repentance to Allah: for Allah hath all knowledge and all wisdom.
There is also no command during woman menstruation to be excused from praying or fasting in the Quran except not to have sexual relationship with the husband until she is free of her menstruation –
S2:222 And they ask you about menstruation. Say, “It is harm, so keep away from wives during menstruation. And do not approach them until they are pure. And when they have purified themselves, then come to them from where Allah has ordained for you. Indeed, Allah loves those who are constantly repentant and loves those who purify themselves.”
Another evidence on prayer that it is still mandatory to establish it even after one have discharged in the toilet and find no water to clean oneself –
S5:6 O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands to the elbows; Rub your heads with water; and wash your feet to the ankles. If ye are in a state of ceremonial impurity, bathe your whole body. But if ye are ill, or on a journey, or one of you cometh from offices of nature, or ye have been in contact with women, AND YE FIND NO WATER, THEN TAKE FOR YOURSELVES CLEAN SAND AND RUB THEREWITH YOUR FACES AND HANDS, Allah doth not wish to place you in a difficulty, but to make you clean, and to complete his favour to you, that ye may be grateful.
From other examples, there is also no excuse not to establish the obligatory prayers even during emergencies as stated –
S4:101 And when you travel throughout the land, there is no blame upon you for shortening the prayer if you fear that those who disbelieve may disrupt [or attack] you. Indeed, the disbelievers are ever to you a clear enemy.
S2:238-239 Guard your prayers and the Middle Prayer; and stand before Allah in a devout (frame of mind). If ye fear (missing the prayer), pray on foot or riding but when ye are in security, celebrate Allah’s praises in the manner He has taught you, which ye knew not before.
Thus, it is important to preserve the prayers and fasting directives for females when there is no legitimate excuse can be found anywhere in the Qur’an.
Just imagine how much will women loose if they failed to do their obligatory prayers and fasting during her menstruation periods throughout their lifespan?
THOSE WHO RETAINED THEIR PRAYERS –
S70:33-35 And those who are in their testimonies upright. And those who carefully maintain their prayer. They will be in gardens, honored.
THOSE WHO MISSED THEIR PRAYERS –
S74:42-43 “What led you into Hell Fire?” They will say: “We were not of those who prayed.
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